The Process Dissociation of Moral Judgments: Clarifying the Psychology of Deontology and Utilitarianism

A growing body of work has examined responses to moral dilemmas where causing some degree of harm leads to a greater positive outcome; such dilemmas are said to pit deontological philosophical considerations (causing harm is never acceptable) against utilitarian philosophical considerations (causing harm is acceptable if it leads to the best possible outcome). According to dual-process theories of moral judgment, independent processes drive each judgment: affective reactions to harm drive deontological judgments, whereas cognitive evaluations of outcomes drive utilitarian judgments. Yet, theoretically both processes contribute to each judgment; therefore, it is an error to equate judgments with processes. To overcome this error, we adapted Jacoby’s (1991) process dissociation (PD) procedure to independently quantify the strength of deontological and utilitarian inclinations within individuals. Five studies presented in two articles support the conclusion that process dissociation taps the processes theorized to underlie moral judgments more effectively than overt dilemma judgments, and allows for increased insight into the nature of moral processing. In Conway and Gawronski (2013) Study 1, the PD parameters predicted theoretically relevant individual-difference variables (e.g., the utilitarian parameter uniquely predicted cognitive load, whereas the deontology parameter uniquely predicted empathic concern and perspective-taking). Moreover, both parameters predicted moral identity—a relation that was obscured using overt moral judgments. In Study 2, a cognitive load manipulation selectively reduced utilitarian inclinations, whereas in Study 3, a manipulation that increased the vividness of harm selectively increased the deontology parameter. Together, these findings suggest that the deontology parameter is tapping affective reactions to harm, and the utilitarian parameter is tapping cognitive evaluations of outcomes (consistent with theory). In Study 1 of Conway, Bartels, and Pizarro (under review), participants scoring higher in Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and meaninglessness made more overt utilitarian judgments (replicating past findings), but process dissociation revealed that this relation was due to decreased deontology rather than increased utilitarianism among people high in antisocial personality traits. Study 2 demonstrated that the deontology and utilitarian parameters each correlated with different kinds of prosociality. These findings clarify theoretical confusion regarding the nature of utilitarianism and deontology

The Preservation Environment

A preservation environment is the most cost-effective collection management tool that librarians and archivists have for extending the .collective life expectancy of their vast scholarly resources. The preservation environment built in a modern library shelving facility embodies a conscious commitment to preservation and distinguishes such a building from a book warehouse, a book attic, or a typical full-service library. The concept of a "preservation environment" is a complex one.that has emerged over nearly a century of concern over deteriorating library collections, several key conceptual breakthroughs in the past 40 years, and focused research in materials science. This chapter reviews how the idea of the library building as a preservation facility has changed over time, how materials science has contributed to the definition of a preservation environment, and how architects, engineers, and librarians designed the Yale University Library Shelving Facility to maximize the building's preservation value. The chapter concludes by identifying one lingering preservation issue that requires further research.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111829/1/Conway The Preservation Environment 2001.pdfDescription of Conway The Preservation Environment 2001.pdf : Chapte

Introduction to Papers from a Symposium of Preservation Educators

Introduction to special issue of journal containing papers from a symposium on preservation education.In June 2011, the University of Michigan School of Information in Ann Arbor hosted a symposium on preservation education. This special double issue of Preservation, Digital Technology, & Culture presents the four plenary addresses and the associated formal commentaries from the invitational symposium that brought together full-time academic faculty who have a significant research and teaching commitment to preservation and doctoral students who are developing dissertations related to preservation issues. The symposium explored how to teach preservation in ways that acknowledge the heritage of analog preservation techniques and perspectives while pointing toward research and development initiatives in the digital sphere. The four plenary sessions explored debates over the definition of the preservation field (Michèle Cloonan); challenges and opportunities of education for audiovisual preservation (Caroline Frick); concrete mechanisms to integrate research and teaching into digital preservation (Elizabeth Yakel); and the agenda for high-impact research in the university (Anne Gilliland).Institute for Museum and Library ServicesPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111826/1/J25 Conway At the Nexus 2014.pdfDescription of J25 Conway At the Nexus 2014.pdf : Main articl

An Analysis of North American Archival Research Articles

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111827/1/J24 Conway Archival R&D 2013.pdfDescription of J24 Conway Archival R&D 2013.pdf : Main articl

Productivity and changing technology

An orbital-class rocket with a 3D-printed engine launches into space from the Mähia Peninsula. A self-driving car crosses the Auckland Harbour Bridge. A pizza company begins testing delivery using airborne drones. While these may sound like things of science fiction, they are in fact stories that have been in the New Zealand media over the last year. These stories provide a glimpse of how technology is changing. Changes are not just happening around the edges but could be as disruptive to models of production as earlier industrial revolutions.&nbsp

Overview: Rationale for Digitization and Preservation

The chapter is a written version of a presentation offered at a series of School for Scanning conferences offered by the Northeast Document Conservation Center.This chapter provides a foundation for understanding the preservation implications of digital conversion projects. Following a brief description of the advantages and disadvantages of digital technologies, the author defines preservation in the digital context and describes how the underlying principles of traditional preservation practice relate to the creation of digital products. The key to successful digital conversion programs is the relationships among three concepts: (1) the purposes that the digital products will serve, (2) source document characteristics, and (3) technology capabilities brought to bear during the conversion process. At the heart of the digital conversion enterprise is this author's assertion that "preservation is the creation of digital products worth maintaining over time." Preservation in the digital context is separate from but integrally related to preservation actions taken on original source materials. The chapter ends with a reiteration of the idea of responsible custody, a highly relevant idea articulated over fifty years ago to describe the central role of preservation in cultural institutions.Institute for Museum and Library ServicesPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111828/1/BC11 Conway Overview Rationale 2000.pdfDescription of BC11 Conway Overview Rationale 2000.pdf : Chapte

Dig4E - Digitization for Everybody

Summarizes the need for and curriculum structure for an online training program for digital imaging in the cultural heritage sector.Digital imaging, as an archival practice, is not a “solved problem’ for the cultural heritage community. As Google, publishers, and other content providers digitize and deliver resources at scale, there is an increasingly pressing demand from users to digitize the rich resources in library special collections, archival institutions, and the vast array of invaluable content in private collections. This paper introduces a research and learning initiative (Dig4E-Digitization for Everybody) designed to bridge the knowledge gap that presently exists between well-established or emergent international standards derived from imaging science, on the one hand, and local practices for digital reformatting of archival resources. The paper describes the rationale for the education and training initiative and summarizes the intellectual structure and the technical platform of an innovative sequence of self-paced online resources that can be adapted for a variety of audiences.Andrew W. Mellon Foundationhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/155381/1/Archiving 2020 Proceedings Paper.pdfDescription of Archiving 2020 Proceedings Paper.pdf : Main articl

The Politics of Mass Digitization. Nanna Bonde Thylstrup. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2018. 216 pp. $35.00 (hardcover). (ISBN 9780262036870)

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153180/1/asi24243_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153180/2/asi24243.pd